What is the function of mulch in landscaping?

The primary function of mulch in landscaping is to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. When applied to the soil surface, mulch acts as a barrier that helps retain moisture by reducing evaporation. This is particularly beneficial during hot and dry conditions when plants are susceptible to drought stress. Additionally, mulch serves to suppress weed growth by blocking sunlight from reaching the soil, thereby inhibiting the germination and growth of unwanted plants. This dual function not only promotes healthier plant growth but also reduces the need for frequent watering and weeding, making landscape maintenance more efficient.

While improving drainage and enhancing aesthetic color are potential benefits associated with some types of mulch, they do not encompass the primary reasons for its use. The attraction of beneficial insects is also an important aspect of landscaping but is not specifically a function of mulch; rather, it relates more to the overall health and diversity of the garden environment. Thus, conserving moisture and suppressing weeds encapsulate the most essential and recognized roles of mulch in landscaping.